Mechanism of action | Upper airway site of action | Procedure |
Soft tissue removal | Retropalatal | Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
Laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty | ||
Tonsillectomy | ||
Tissue volume reduction | Retropalatal | RTVR of the soft palate and/or tonsils |
Retrolingual | Laser midline glossectomy/lingualplasty | |
RTVR of the tongue base | ||
Retrolingual/retropalatal | Uvulopalatopharyngoglossoplasty | |
Skeletal modification resulting in soft tissue repositioning | Retropalatal | Transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty |
Retrolingual | Mandibular advancement | |
Genioglossal advancement | ||
Hyoid myotomy and suspension (type I and II) | ||
Retropalatal and retrolingual | Maxillomandibular advancement | |
Bypass upper airway | Tracheotomy |
RTVR: radiofrequency tissue volume reduction.