Description | Measurement | |
Cigarette addiction | Powerful motivation# to smoke cigarettes arising primarily from abnormalities in physiological functioning of CNS pathways underlying motivation | Ratings of frequency and strength of urge, want or need to smoke; behavioural evidence of strong motivation to smoke |
Nicotine dependence | Physiological abnormalities underlying addiction to cigarettes or other nicotine-delivery systems | Markers of strength of physiological need for nicotine |
CNS: central nervous system. #: motivation is used here in the broad sense of all those mental processes that direct and energise behaviour, not merely “reasons”.