Abrams (2011) [22] | Retrospective study of mostly male (97%) veterans from 2006 to 2008 hospitalised for AECOPD | 26 591 | Prevalent in 11.6% (n=3077) | In a 30-day period 10.4% (n=319) with prevalent depression versus 11.6% (n=2723) with no depression | In a 30-day period 5.3% (n=163) with prevalent depression versus 3.8% (n=881) with no depression | 30 days |
Regvat (2011) [45] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD Patients with prevalent psychiatric disorders, including depression, were excluded | 50 | Evaluation of depression through PRIME-MD questionnaire on day of discharge; 42% (n=21) indicated depression | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Pumar (2014) [8] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Singh (2016) [48] | Retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalised for AECOPD in 2001–2011 and aged >66 years | 80 088 patients with a total of 135 498 hospitalisations | Prevalent in 14.24% of hospitalisations (n=19 293) | In a 30-day period 24.15% (n=4659) with prevalent depression versus 16.91 (n=19 645) with no depression | n/a | 30 days |
Ng (2014) [40] | Prospective cohort study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD Conference abstract | 376 | HADS score ≥8 in 44.4% (n=167) | n/a | In a 1-year period a hazard ratio of 1.93 (95% CI 1.04–3.58) for mortality was associated with baseline depression | 1 year |
Cavaillès (2013) [29] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Irwin (2015) [33] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD Patients with prevalent psychiatric disorders, including depression, were excluded | 85 | PROMIS measurement of depression was positive in 44% (n=35) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Salte (2015) [46] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Aimonino (2007) [23] | Prospective study of patients aged ≥75 years hospitalised for AECOPD from April 2004 to April 2005 | 16 | Geriatric depression scale Mean±sd depression score of 12.8±5.4 at baseline and 12.68±n/a at discharge | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Yıldırım (2013) [53] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD Patients with prevalent psychiatric disorders, including depression, were excluded | 135 | HADS (Turkish translated version) score ≥8 in 85.6% (n=116) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Valenza (2014) [52] | Prospective randomised cohort study of male patients hospitalised for AECOPD Intervention with a controlled breathing programme | 46 | Baseline mean±sd HADS score of 9.62±2.1 in the intervention group and 8.85±4 in the control group | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Al Aqqad (2014) [25] | Prospective study from January 2016 to June 2016 in Malaysia Patients hospitalised for AECOPD and aged >60 years Conference abstract | 37 | 45.9% showed symptoms of depression (no further clarification of test method); 5.4% categorised as severe and 40.5% as mild to moderate | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Pooler (2014) [44] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Laurin (2012) [39] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Papaioannou (2013) [43] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD between March 2009 and June 2010 without prevalent depression | 230 | Beck depression inventory (Greek translation) score ≥19 in 39.57% (n=91) on the first day of hospitalisation | 84.6% (n=77) with 1.96±1.41 readmissions for depressive patients versus 28.1% (n=39) with 0.41±0.86 readmissions for nondepressive patients within 1 year | 25.3% (n=23) for depressive patients versus 3.6% (n=5) for nondepressive patients within 1 year | 1 year |
Laurin (2011) [38] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Ozyemisci-Taskiran (2015) [41] | Retrospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD Two hospitalised control groups: one with stable COPD and one without COPD | 133 (AECOPD); 34 (stable COPD); 34 (without COPD) | HADS (Turkish translation) score ≥8 in 39.1% (n=52); mean score 5 (Q1=2; Q3=11) for AECOPD HADS score ≥8 in 14.7% (n=5); mean score 4 (Q1=0.25; Q3=6) for stable COPD HADS score ≥8 in 29.4% (n=10); mean score 4.5 (Q1=1; Q3=8.25) for non-COPD | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Almagro (2002) [27] | Prospective study of patients (mostly male, 96%) hospitalised for AECOPD between October 1996 and May 1997 | 135 | YDS was applied, but no direct data provided | n/a | Patients with YDS score ≥11 had a 3.11-fold higher mortality than patients with a YDS score ≤5 within 2 years | 2 years |
Panagioti (2014) [42] | Review | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Small (1992) [49] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD | 26 | Profile of Mood States was applied Mean±sd score for depression of 13.35±12.38 and median score 11.5 No cut-off value for depression was provided by the test | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Koenig (2006) [36] | Prospective cohort study of patients aged >50 years hospitalised for AECOPD between November 1999 and December 2003 | No data provided on overall rates of depression of screened patients | Patients were identified as depressive using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) 410 patients were classified with minor deperession and 301 with major depression using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | n/a | n/a | At an average follow-up of 11.4 weeks minor depressions showed remission of 66.6% (n=273) and at an average follow-up of 21.3 weeks for major depressions 49.2% (n=148) showed remission |
Jennings (2015) [34] | Randomised trial of patients admitted with AECOPD between February 2010 and April 2013 and with smoking history ≥20 pack-years | 172 in total; (intervention group n=93; control group n=79) | HADS was applied in the intervention group, but no baseline values are provided | No significant association between depression score per 1-unit increase and Readmission for 30-day follow-up (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.96–1.27; p=0.157) and 90-day follow-up (HR 1.057, 95% CI 0.95–1.17; p=0.300) | n/a | 30 days and 90 days |
Silver (2010) [47] | Cross-sectional study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD between January 2007 and December 2007 Conference abstract | 69 841 | Prevalent diagnosis of anxiety/depression present in 27.3% No seperated data provided | n/a | Odds ratio for in-hospital mortality 0.93 (95% CI 0.81–1.06) | n/a |
Torres-Sánchez (2016) [51] | Randomised, single-blind clinical trial of obese patients hospitalised for AECOPD | 49 (intervention group n=24; control group n=25) | HADS mean±sd score at baseline: intervention group 6.0±2.86; control group 4.90±2.84 p=0.218 | n/a | n/a | Follow-up evaluation at discharge |
Kim (2010) [35] | Retrospective study of 77 patients hospitalised for AECOPD between January 2005 and May 2008 | 77 | Patients with prevalent diagnosis of anxiety/depression and patients taking psychotropic medication were considered to have anxiety/depression No seperated data of anxiety/depression were provided 11.9% (n=9) of patients had anxiety/depression | Frequent exacerbators (n=35) (>1 hospitalisation within 1 year) showed 20% (n=7) anxiety/depression versus 4.8% (n=2) of single exacerbators (n=42) | n/a | n/a |
Almagro (2006) [26] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD between October 1996 and May 1997 | 129 | YDS was applied, but no general baseline data are provided Score ≥5 is considered as cut-off for depression | YDS mean±sd score of 5±3.4 for patients who were readmitted within 1 year versus 3.7±3.1 for patients without readmission within 1 year 58.1% were readmitted within 1 year | n/a | 1 year |
Gudmundsson (2005) [31] | Prospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD during 2000–2001 | 406 | HADS mean±sd score 5.5±3.6 HADS score ≥8 in 28.7% | 60.59% (n=246) readmitted within 1 year versus 39.41% (n=160) without readmission in 1 year No significant difference between groups in mean HADS score (5.4±3.4 versus 5.6±3.8; p=0.63) and depression level (26.5% versus 30.2%; p=0.44) | n/a | 1 year |
Struik (2013) [50] | Cross-sectional study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD between 2008 and October 2011 with GOLD III or IV disease and after 48 h of receiving invasive or noninvasive ventilation | 170 | HADS mean±sd score 7.8±sd | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Aimonino Ricauda (2008) [24] | Prospective study of patients aged ≥75 years hospitalised for AECOPD between April 2004 and April 2005 The authors published a similar article including partly the same population in 2007 [27] | 52 | Geriatric Depression Scale Mean±sd depression score 17.2±6.8 at baseline and a mean±sd change of +0.7±3.2% at 6-month follow-up | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Abrams (2010) [21] | Retrospective cohort study of veterans hospitalised for AECOPD between October 2016 and September 2007 Conference abstract | 23 306 | Pre-existing depression was assessed from data collected 1 year prior to admission 9.5% (n=2.216) had pre-existing depression | n/a | Unadjusted 30-day mortality was higher in patients with depression (7.2% versus 4.6%) Unadjusted 365-day mortality was similar in patients with depression (9.8% versus 9.1%) Adjusted odds ratio of 30-day mortality with depression relative to those without 1.52 (95% CI 1.24–1.86); adjusted odds ratio of 365-day mortality with depression relative to those without 1.2 (95% CI 1.04–1.39) | n/a |
Burr (2010) [28] | Retrospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD in 2008 Two groups where defined: frequent exacerbators (>1 AECOPD event in 2008) and single AECOPD event in 2008 Conference abstract | Frequent exacerbators n=85; nonfrequent exacerbators n=89 | Depression prevalent in 42% of frequent exacerbators No data provided for nonfrequent exacerbators | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Aaron (2013) [20] | Retrospective study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD in 2010 Conference abstract | 388 | n/a | The study does not distinguish between depression and anxiety 29% of patients with prevalent depression/anxiety where readmitted within 1 year versus 16% of patients without depression/anxiety | n/a | n/a |
Laçin (2011) [37] | Study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD between January 2010 and February 2011 Conference abstract | 114 | HADS score ≥8 in 53% (n=60), mean±sd HADS score 7.0±5.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Hasan (2011) [32] | Study of patients hospitalised for AECOPD Patients with pneumonia, heart failure, on long-term oral corticosteroids, any significant comorbid condition or active malignancy were excluded Conference abstract | 120 | HADS was applied within 2 days of hospitalisation HADS scores ≥11 in 28% (n=34) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Franzen (2014) [30] | Study of patients hospitalised between January 2012 and December 2012 in three public hospitals in Zurich canton for AECOPD Conference abstract | 94 | Diagnosis of depression was present in 17% | n/a | n/a | n/a |