Mechanism of action | Upper airway site of action | Procedure |
Soft tissue removal | Retropalatal | Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
| | Laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty |
| | Tonsillectomy |
Tissue volume reduction | Retropalatal | RTVR of the soft palate and/or tonsils |
| Retrolingual | Laser midline glossectomy/lingualplasty |
| | RTVR of the tongue base |
| Retrolingual/retropalatal | Uvulopalatopharyngoglossoplasty |
Skeletal modification resulting in soft tissue repositioning | Retropalatal | Transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty |
| Retrolingual | Mandibular advancement |
| | Genioglossal advancement |
| | Hyoid myotomy and suspension (type I and II) |
| Retropalatal and retrolingual | Maxillomandibular advancement |
Bypass upper airway | | Tracheotomy |