Table 1— A hyphothesised dichotomy



NRAD

fBOS

Airway inflammation Neutrophils No neutrophils
Clinical picture Crackles, increased sputum production No crackles, little sputum
Time after transplantation Early Late
Course Slowly, several years Fast, 6 months
Histology Initially inflammation, finally fibrosis Merely fibrotic
AZI therapy Beneficial/reversible Not beneficial/irreversible

NRAD: neutrophilic reversible allograft dysfunction; fBOS: fibropoliferative bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; AZI: azithromycin.